At the end of your Modern Language Association document, you should have a “Works Cited” page. You may know what this is from other formats that you've used under the names of bibliography, mediagraphy, references, reference list, or end-text references.

The title, “Works Cited” appears at the top of the page and is centered. This page provides some general guidelines for MLA, followed by a sample "Works Cited" page.

General Guidelines for the "Works Cited" Page

The alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of your paper contains more information about all of the sources you've cited allowing readers to refer to them, as needed. The main characteristics are:

• The list of Works Cited must be on a new page at the end of your text

• Entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name or by the title if there is no author

• Titles are italicized (not underlined, unless you are writing your essay out by hand) and all important words should be capitalized

• Entries are double-spaced (for the purposes of the examples provided here, single-spacing is used)

• Long entries that take up more line are indented on the 2^nd (3^rd, 4^th, etc.) lines.

• Each entry must include the publication medium. Examples include: Print, Web, DVD, and Television.

• For the purposes of some courses, professors may require students to include hyperlinks to any online sources.

Example MLA Works Cited Entries

What follows are examples of MLA entries on the “Works Cited” page:

Paper Media Such as Books and Printed Works

Book with 1 author

Smith, Lewis. The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, 1938.

Book with 2 or 3 authors

Smith, R. Douglas, Richard Jones, and Mary B. Dowry. Destinies: Canadian History since Confederation. Toronto: Harcourt, 2000.

Book with 4 or more authors

Jones, Richard et al. Economic Geography and Public Policy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003.

Two or more books by the same author

Replace the author's name by three hyphens and arrange alphabetically by the book's title:

Smith, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Viking, 1985.

---. The Disappearance of Childhood. New York: Vintage, 1994.

Anthology or compilation

Jones, Corinne S., ed. Privacy, Domesticity, and Women in Early Modern England. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003.

Work in an anthology or an essay in a book

Smith, James. "Hitchcock at the Margins of Noir." Alfred Hitchcock: Centenary Essays. Ed. Richard Allen and S. Ishii-Gonzalès. London: BFI, 1999. 263-77.

Book by a corporate author

Associations, corporations, agencies and organizations are considered authors when there is no single author.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Action against Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond. Paris: OECD, 1999.

Article in a reference book or an entry in an encyclopedia

If the article/entry is signed, include the author's name; if unsigned, begin with the title of the entry

Jones, Charles B. "Existentialism." Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Edward Craig. 10 vols. London: Routledge, 1998.

Book in a series

Smith, Harold, ed. André Malraux. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. Modern Critical Views.

Book by a corporate author

Associations, corporations, agencies and organizations are considered authors when there is no single author.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Action against Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond. Paris: OECD, 1999.

Book in a series

Smith, Harold, ed. André Malraux. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. Modern Critical Views.

A translation

Jones, Franz. Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Stanley Corngold. New York: Bantam, 1972.

A government publication

Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Freedom from Fear: Canada's Foreign Policy for Human Security. Ottawa: DFAIT, 2002.

United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Charting the Progress of Populations. New York: UN, 2000.

Article in a reference book or an entry in an encyclopedia

If the article/entry is signed, include the author's name; if unsigned, begin with the title of the entry

Jones, Charles B. "Existentialism." Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Edward Craig. 10 vols. London: Routledge, 1998.

A translation

Jones, Franz. Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Stanley Corngold. New York: Bantam, 1972.

A government publication

Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Freedom from Fear: Canada's Foreign Policy for Human Security. Ottawa: DFAIT, 2002.

United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Charting the Progress of Populations. New York: UN, 2000.

Article in a journal

Article retrieved in print/paper format:

Jones, Ada. "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." Radical History Review 73 (1999): 22-49.

Smith, Glenn K. S. "The Third Man: Pulp Fiction and Art Film." Literature Film Quarterly 21.3 (1993): 171-178.

Article in a newspaper or magazine

Jones, Susan. "Feeling Right at Home: Government Residence Eschews Traditional Rules." Montreal Gazette 28 Dec. 1995, Final Ed.: A4. Print.

Smith, Sharon Doyle. "After Divorce." Maclean's 20 Apr. 1998: 38-43.

For newspaper and magazine articles retrieved online, please see examples for journal articles retrieved from a library database.

Musical composition, published score

Beethoven, Ludwig van. Symphony no. 4 in B-flat major, op. 60. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2001.

Work of art, photographed, in a book

Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child. 1890. Wichita Art Museum, Wichita. American Painting: 1560-1913. By John Pearce. New York: McGraw, 1964. Slide 22.

A review

Jones, Walter. "The Wages of Righteousness." Rev. of Cloudsplitter, by Russell Banks. New York Times Book Review 22 Feb. 1998: 9. Print.

Smith, Stanley. "A New Spielberg." Rev of Schindler's List, dir. Steven Spielberg. New Republic 13 Dec. 1993: 30.

Non-Text Media

Television or radio program

"Scandal of the Century." Narr. Linden MacIntyre. The Fifth Estate. CBC Television. 23 Jan. 2002. Television.

Sound recording

Jones, Duke. "Black and Tan Fantasy." Music is My Mistress. Musicmasters, 1989. CD.

Film, videorecording or DVD

The Shining. Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Perf. Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall. Warner Bros., 1980. Videocassette.

Macbeth. Dir. Roman Polanski. Perf. Jon Finch, Francesca Annis, and Nicholas Selby. 1971. Columbia, 2002. DVD.

Online video

Last name, First name of the creator. “Title of the video or audio.” Title of the Website, role of contributors and their First name Last name, Version, Numbers, Publisher, Publication date, URL.

McLovin, Fogell. “My Take Existentialism.” YouTube, uploaded by Great Ideas, 3 July 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkdzy4bWW3E.

Microsoft. “The future of 3D computing.” YouTube, commentary by Jack Smith, 27 Mar. 2021, youtu.be/gK645_7TA2c.

“Zebras in Their Element.” YouTube, uploaded by CutiePie, 6 June 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQlpjSEtELs.

Further examples and explanations can be accessed by entering “MLA” in the search field at http://jamies.tips